To produce LNG, natural gas is purified and condensed into liquid by cooling to –260☏ (–162☌). Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) - Natural gas can be liquefied to store more energy onboard a vehicle in a smaller volume. The interest in hydrogen as an alternative transportation fuel stems from its clean-burning qualities, its potential for domestic production and the fuel cell’s potential for high efficiency (two to three times more efficient than gasoline vehicles). Hydrogen - The simplest and most abundant element in the universe. Unlike batteries, fuel cells convert chemical energy from hydrogen to electricity (see Electric Drive Vehicle). Fuel cells are being considered as a way to use electricity generated onboard the vehicle to power electric motors. Electricity - Electricity used to power pure electric vehicles (as opposed to electric hybrids) is generally provided by the electricity grid and stored in a vehicle’s battery. When used as transportation fuel, it is typically stored onboard a vehicle in tanks at high pressure (up to 3,600 PSI). Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) - Natural gas is a mixture of hydrocarbons predominantly methane (CH4). It provides substantial benefits but avoids many of the cold-weather performance and material compatibility concerns associated with B-100 (pure biodiesel). B-20 is the most common biodiesel blend in the U.S. B-20 - A blend of 20% biodiesel and 80% petroleum diesel. B-10 - A blend of 10% biodiesel and 90% petroleum-based diesel fuel. It is normally blended with conventional petroleum-based diesel fuel for use. It is produced from renewable sources such as new and used vegetable oils and animal fats, and is a cleaner-burning replacement for petroleum-based diesel fuel. Biodiesel - A liquid fuel composed of fatty acid alkyl esters, fatty acid methyl esters or long-chain mono alkyl esters. Alternative fuels currently in use or under development include: E-85 - A blend of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline that is used to fuel E85-capable flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs), which are available in a variety of models from U.S. In North America, conventional vehicle fuels are normally defined as gasoline and petroleum-based diesel. Alternative Fuel Any non-conventional fuel used to power a vehicle. The most common systems are straight electric, hybrid electric and hybrid hydraulic drives. Alternative Drive Systems Any vehicle drive (propulsion) system other than a conventional internal combustion/mechanical transmission system. Air resistance increases as a square of the speed, thus power requirements increase much faster than vehicle speed. Air Resistance A measure of the “drag” on a vehicle moving through air. Air Dam Flexible air deflecting panel usually located below the radiator support. AF (Axle-to-Frame) The distance from center of rear axle(s) to end of frame. Electrically driven systems can be optimized to operate at a fixed speed, thereby increasing efficiency and making them compatible with hybrid vehicle propulsion systems. Accessory Load Electrification The conversion of common vehicle accessory loads (power steering, power brakes, air conditioning, air compressor, etc.) from being engine-driven (belts or gearing) to being driven by electric motors. A Above-cab Carrier A platform above the cab that can be in a fixed or hydraulically adjustable position for transporting vehicles.
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